사회주의 종주국이었던 소련이 붕괴된 후 동유럽 사회주의체제는 대부분 급진적 개혁・개방정책을 통해 경제적으로는 시장경제, 정치적으로는 다두제체제로 전환되었다. 중국과 베트남은 공산당 일당지배체제를 유지하면서 점진적 개혁・개방정책을 통해 시장경제체제로 전환되었다. 북한은 베트남과 마찬가지로 동아시아 유교 문화권에 속해 있으며 베트남과 유사성이 많음에도 개혁정책에 실패하고 경제난에서 벗어나지 못하고 있다. 이 책은 사회주의 체제전환 관점에서 개혁・개방에 성공한 베트남과 중단된 북한의 개혁・개방정책을 비교하여 북한의 개혁・개방 실패 원인을 규명하고 있다. 비교의 분석틀로 사회주의 체제전환이론과 정치체제 정책결정이론을 원용하였다. 사회주의 체제전환이론에 따라 북한도 시장경제체제를 향한 개혁・개방정책이 불가피 할 것이라는 전제와 북한도 하나의 국가로서 국가의 정책을 산출해내고 집행하는 기능은 다른 국가와 동일하다는 사실에 기반을 두고, 체제전환이론과 정치체제 정책결정이론을 활용하여 베트남과 북한의 개혁・개방정책을 분석하였다.
목차
서 문 제1장 서 론 ·································································································1 제1절 연구목적 ·························································································1 제2절 기존연구 ·······················································································4 제3절 연구범위와 방법 ··········································································14 제2장 개혁・개방의 이론적 고찰 ·······················································19 제1절 개혁・개방과 체제전환 ·········································································19 1. 개혁・개방 개념 ························································································19 2. 체제전환 유형 ·························································································22 제2절 분석개념 ·································································································26 1. 초기조건 ··································································································26 2. 동인(촉진・억제요인) ················································································31 제3절 분석 틀 ···································································································37 제3장 베트남의 개혁・개방 ···································································41 제1절 개혁・개방정책 개관 ·············································································41 1. 제한적 개혁・개방정책 ·············································································41 2. 개혁・개방정책 확대 ················································································51 3. 시장주도정책 ···························································································83 제2절 개혁・개방 초기조건 ·············································································97 1. 민족 통일국가 건설 ················································································97 2. 집단지도체제 ···························································································99 3. 실용주의 정치문화 ·················································································100 제3절 개혁・개방 동인 ····················································································107 1. 공산당 지도부 교체 ···············································································107 2. 경제난과 사회정치적 위기 ····································································112 3. 국제사회의 압력 ····················································································118 제4절 개혁・개방정책 평가 ············································································123 1. 개혁・개방 촉진요인 ···············································································123 2. 개혁・개방 억제요인 ···············································································130 제5절 소결론 ·························································································134 제4장 북한의 개혁・개방 ·····································································143 제1절 개혁・개방정책 개관 ····································································143 1. 제한적 개혁・개방정책 ···········································································143 2. 개혁・개방정책 확대 ···············································································152 3. 개혁정책 후퇴 ························································································166 4. 북・중 경협 위주 개방 강화 ··································································175 제2절 개혁・개방 초기조건 ····································································185 1. 분단국가 ·································································································185 2. 유일지도체제 ··························································································193 3. 주체사상의 국가 ····················································································199 제3절 개혁・개방 동인 ···········································································207 1. 자립적 민족경제건설노선 ······································································207 2. 경제난과 사회정치적 위기 ····································································215 3. 국제사회의 압력 ····················································································218 4. 핵 개발 ···································································································229 제4절 개혁・개방정책 평가 ····································································233 1. 개혁・개방 촉진요인 ·············································································233 2. 개혁・개방 억제요인 ···············································································258 제5절 소결론 ·························································································271 제5장 베트남과 북한의 개혁・개방 비교 ······································285 제1절 초기조건 비교 ······················································································285 제2절 동인 비교 ······························································································291 제3절 베트남 경험이 북한에 주는 시사점 ···············································304 제6장 결 론 ······························································································313 참고문헌 ·······································································································323 찾아보기 ·······································································································341
저: 이재춘
현재 호서대학교 초빙교수 경남대학교 정치학 박사 연세대학교 외교안보 석사 고려대학교 정치외교학과 졸업 주 베트남 한국대사관 공사 주 말레이시아 한국대사관 참사관 주 핀란드 한국대사관 1등서기관 역임